Student Resource Center
Posted: October 05, 2006
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- What is the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC)?
- What is DPIC's stance on the death penalty?
- Does DPIC grant interviews?
- How do I cite information from DPIC's Web site in my research?
DPIC is a non-profit organization serving the media and the public with analysis and information on issues concerning capital punishment. The Center was founded in 1990 and prepares in-depth reports, issues press releases, conducts briefings for journalists, and serves as a resource to those working on this issue. The Center is widely quoted and consulted by all those concerned with the death penalty.
The Death Penalty Information Center does not have a position on the death penalty in the abstract. We do not address the death penalty as a moral issue. Instead, we try to educate the public about how the death penalty works in practice. We have been critical through our research and reports of various aspects of the death penalty in the United States.
Although we cannot respond to student requests for opinions and views, we do have a comprehensive collection of factual information on our Web site. If there is specific information you cannot find, please e-mail us.
Unless otherwise noted, the "Death Penalty Information Center" can be considered the author of the information or quote used. In almost all cases, a source and date are given for information on our Web site. If no source is listed, then the information can be attributed to the Death Penalty Information Center. Most charts and graphs were created by DPIC, sometimes using outside information, and can be attributed to DPIC. If you need more information about our staff see Contact DPIC.
- Arbitrariness
- Deterrence
- The Death Penalty Internationally
- Death Row
- Executions
- History
- Innocence
- Costs
- Mental Illness and Retardation
- Race
- Representation
- Victims
- Women
Does the death penalty punish the worst of the worst offenders? How are cases chosen for death penalty prosecution? Is someone more likely to get the death penalty because of their race or gender? Does the use of the death penalty vary by county or city?
Does the death penalty deter murder? Does it deter murder more than life without parole?
The Death Penalty Internationally-
What other countries allow the death penalty? Why does the European Union prohibit the death penalty? Are people who committed crimes when they were minors executed in any countries?
What is death row like? Do death row prisoners ever interact with one another? What is a typical day like for a death row inmate? How many people are on death row in the U.S.?
How many people has the United States executed? How are people executed? Does every state execute people in the same way? Are people still hung? Who puts the inmates to death?
When did the death penalty start? How has it changed over the years?
Are there innocent people on death row? Has the United States executed anyone who was innocent? How might innocent people end up on death row? Have any death row inmates been freed?
Does execution or life imprisonment cost more? Does it cost more per day to keep a person on death row than in a regular cell?
Mental Illness and Retardation-
Can you receive the death penalty if you are mentally handicapped or have a mental illness? How does mental illness or retardation affect one's responsibility in criminal conduct? Should such handicaps or illnesses affect the punishment for a crime?
Does the race of the defendant affect the application of the death penalty? Does the race of the crime victims affect the application of the death penalty?
Are lawyers paid more for death penalty cases than other criminal cases? Are there standards that defense lawyers in capital cases have to adhere to? Can poor defendants replace their lawyers?
Are families of victims in favor of or against the death penalty? How do families feel after the murderer of their relative has been executed?
Why are there less women on death row than men? Are women on death row treated differently than men? What kinds of crimes result in the death penalty for women?
- Arbitrariness
- Deterrence
- The Death Penalty Internationally
- Death Row
- Executions
- History
- Innocence
- Costs
- Mental Illness and Retardation
- Race
- Representation
- Victims
- Women
- Arbitrariness by DPIC
- Samuel R. Gross, "Still Unfair, Still Arbitrary - But Do We Care?, Keynote Address," 26 Ohio N.U. L. Rev. 517 (2000).
- Ben Steiner, "Still Arbitrary: Capital Sentencing in the Post-Furman Era," 10 Crim. Just. Pol’y Rev. 85 (1999).
- "The Death Penalty is Arbitrary and Unfair" by Amnesty International
- Michael Burkhead & James Luginbuhl, "Sources of Bias and Arbitrariness In The Capital Trial," 50 J. Soc. Issues 103 (1994).
- Ronald J. Tabak, "The Death of Fairness: The Arbitrary and Capricious Imposition of The Death Penalty In The 1980s," 14 Rev. of L. and Soc. Change 797 (1986)."Scattered Justice: Geographic Disparities of the Death Penalty" by the American Civil Liberties Union (March 5, 2004)
- David Baldus, et al., "Arbitrariness And Discrimination In The Administration Of The Death Penalty: A Challenge To State Supreme Court," 15 Stetson L. Rev. 133 (1986).
- John Blume, Theodore Eisenberg, and Martin T. Wells, "Explaining Death Row's Population and Racial Composition," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1, 165-207, March 2004
- Deterrence by DPIC
- "The Death Penalty Meets Social Science: Deterrence and Jury Behavior Under New Scrutiny" by Robert Weisberg (1Annual Review of Law and Social Science 151 (2005)).
- Testimony of Jeffrey Fagan before the Joint Committee on the Judiciary of the Massachusetts Legislature on House Bill 3834
- Michael L Radelet and Ronald L. Akers "Deterrence and the Death Penalty: The Views of the Experts." Northern Illinois University
- Noah Berliner, Kelli Gardner, & Elizabeth Thibault, "Deterrent Value and the Cost of Death Penalty," University of Vermont (1998)
The Death Penalty Internationally-
- International Perspectives on the Death Penalty: A Costly Isolation for the U.S. by DPIC
- The Death Penalty: An International Perspective by DPIC
- "Death Penalty - Beyond Abolition" (Council of Europe Publishing, 2004)
- Hood, Roger: "The Death Penalty: A World-Wide Perspective"; Revised and Updated Edition, Oxford University Press, 2002. Originally published by Clarendon Press, Oxford, in 1996
- Published by the International Commission of Jurists, "The Death Penalty: Condemned" (September, 2000)
- Schabas, William A.: "The abolition of the death penalty in international law"; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997
- How the Death Penalty Weakens U.S. International Interests by the American Civil Liberties Union
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- Death Row by DPIC
- Katya Lezin, Finding Life on Death Row: Profiles of Six Inmates, (Northeastern University Press, 1999)
- Within These Walls: Memoirs of a Death House Chaplain - Rev. Carroll Pickett (St. Martin's Press, 2002)
- "A Life in the Balance: The Billy Wayne Sinclair Story" (Arcade Publishing 2001)
- "A Dream of the Tattered Man: Stories From Georgia's Death Row" by Randolph Loney (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2001)
- Life on Death Row by Robert W. Murray (Albert Publishing Co. in association with 1st Books Library, 2003)
- Death Row Fact Sheet from the Florida Department of Corrections
- "Poetic Justice: Reflections on the Big House, the Death House and the American Way of Justice" by Robert Johnson (Northwoods Press, 2003)
- Scott Christianson's "Condemned: Inside the Sing Sing Death House" (New York University Press, 2000)
- Death Row Facts from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
- "Killing Time: An Investigation into the Death Row Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal," by Dave Lindorff (Common Courage Press, 2003)
- "Still Surviving," Nanon Williams (Breakout Publishing Co., 2003)
- Richard M. Rossi (Vision Paperbacks, 2004)
- Capital Consequences: Families of the Condemned Tell Their Stories by Rachel King (Rutgers University Press, 2005)
- Executions in the United States by DPIC
- Execution Database by DPIC
- "Some Examples of Post-Furman Botched Executions" by Michael L. Radelet, University of Colorado
Listen to the audio "Execution Tapes" recorded by the Georgia Department of Corrections
- History of the Death Penalty by DPIC
- The History of the Death Penalty: a Guide for Students by DPIC
- Amnesty International, "List of Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries," Report ACT 50/01/99, April 1999
- D. Baker: "A Descriptive Profile and Socio-Historical Analysis of Female Executions in the United States: 1632-1997"; 10(3) Women and Criminal Justice 57 (1999)
- R. Bohm, "Deathquest: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Capital Punishment in the United States," Anderson Publishing, 1999.
- "The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies," H. Bedau, editor, Oxford University Press, 1997.
- K. O'Shea, "Women and the Death Penalty in the United States, 1900-1998," Praeger 1999.
- W. Schabas "The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law," Cambridge University Press, second edition, 1997.
- "Society's Final Solution: A History and Discussion of the Death Penalty," L. Randa, editor, University Press of America, 1997.
- V. Streib, "Death Penalty For Female Offenders January 1973 to December 2002," Ohio Northern University, 2003.
- Innocence and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Innocence and the Crisis in the American Death Penalty by DPIC
- Death Penalty: Innocence by the American Civil Liberties Union
- The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions, Sister Helen Prejean (Random House, 2005)
- May God Have Mercy: A True Story of Crime and Punishment, by John C. Tucker, Norton Press, 1997
- The Innocence Project at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University
- Warden, Rob and Protess, David, L.: "A Promise of Justice: The Eighteen Year Old Fight to Save Four Innocent Men," 1998
- Connery, Donald S., ed.: "Convicting the innocent: the story of a murder, a false confession, and the struggle to free a 'wrong man;'" Brookline Books, Cambridge, MA, 1996
- Parloff, Roger: "Triple jeopardy: a story of law at its best - and worst;" Little Brown and Company, New York, 1996
- Harris, Arthur Jay: "Until proven innocent: a true story of murder, honor, and justice;" Avon Books, New York, 1995
- Perske, Robert: "Deadly Innocence?" Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN, 1995
- Earley, Pete: "Circumstantial evidence: death, life, and justice in a Southern town;" Bantam Books, New York, 1995
- The Innocence Project Northwest at the Univeristy of Washington School of Law
- Davies, Nick: "White lies: rape, murder, and justice Texas style;" Pantheon Books, New York, 1991
- Radelet, Michael L, Bedau, Hugo Adam: "In spite of innocence;" Northeastern University Press
- Adams, Randall Dale, et al.: "Adams vs. Texas" St. Martins Press
- "Wrongly Convicted: Perspectives on Failed Justice" (Saundra D. Westervelt and John A. Humphrey, eds., Rutgers University Press, July 2001)
- Costs of the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Millions Misspent: What Politicans Don't Say About the High Costs of the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Costanzo, Mark: "Just revenge: costs and consequences of the death penalty;" St. Martin's Press, New York, 1997
- Tempest, Rone. "Death Row Often Means a Long Life; California Condemns Many Murderers, but Few are ever Executed." Los Angeles Times, Mar 6, 2005
- Noah Berliner, Kelli Gardner, & Elizabeth Thibault, "Deterrent Value and the Cost of Death Penalty," University of Vermont (1998)
Mental Illness and Retardation-
- Mental Retardation and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Mental Illness and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Reed, Emily Fabrycki "The Penry penalty: capital punishment and offenders with retardation;" University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1993
- Miller, Kent S. and Radelet, Michael "Executing the mentally ill: the criminal justice system and the case of Alvin Ford"; Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California, 1993
- Conley, Ronald W. et al., ed.: "The criminal justice system and retardation;" Paul H. Brooks, Baltimore, MD, 1992
- Mental Illness and the Death Penalty in the United States by the American Civil Liberties Union
- Death Penalty: Mental Retardation by the American Civil Liberties Union
- Race and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Chattahoochee Judicial District - The Buckle of the Death Belt: The Death Penalty in Microcosm by DPIC
- Racial Disparities in Federal Death Penalty Prosecutions 1988-1994 by DPIC
- The Death Penalty in Black & White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides by DPIC
- Andrew Welsh-Huggins, "Death Penalty Unequal," Associated Press, May 7, 2005.
- Kate Roberts, "Capital Cases Hard for Smaller Counties," Associated Press, May 8, 2005
- John Seewer, "Two Killers; One Spared," Associated Press, May 9, 2005
- Race and the Death Penalty by the American Civil Liberties Union
- The Impact of Legally Inappropriate Factors on Death Sentencing for California Homicides, 1990-99 Santa Clara Law Review, Vol 46 by Glenn Pierce and Michael Radelet
- Death Penalty Representation by DPIC
- "If you cannot afford a lawyer..." by the Southern Center for Human Rights (January 2003)
- Nelson, Polly "Defending the devil: my story as Ted Bundy's last lawyer;" William Morrow & Co., New York, 1994
- Bright, Stephen "Neither Equal Nor Just: The Rationing and Denial of Legal Services to the Poor When Life and Liberty Are at Stake." Annual Survey of American Law. Volume 1997
- Inadequate Representation by the American Civil Liberties Union
- Victims and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- "Choosing Mercy: A Mother of Murder Victims Pleads to End the Death Penalty" by Antoinette Bosco (Orbis Books, 2001)
- Murder Victims' Families for Reconciliation
- Murder Victims' Families for Human Rights
- "Don't Kill in Our Names: Families of Murder Victims Speak Out Against the Death Penalty," author Rachel King (Rutgers Press, 2003)
- Journey of Hope...From Violence to Healing
- "The Empty Chair: Death Penalty Yes or No" a documentary by Jacqui Lofaro and Victor Teich
- Women and the Death Penalty by DPIC
- Women and the Death Penalty in the United States, 1900-1998 by Kathleen A. O'Shea. Praeger Publishers, Westport, Conn.
- Lowry, Beverly: "Crossed over: a murder, a memoir;" Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1992
- Death Penalty for Female Offenders, January 1, 1973, Through June 30, 2009 Issue #56 by Victor Streib
- Death Penalty: Women by the American Civil Liberties Union





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