List of Defendants with Intellectual Disability Executed in the United States (1976-2002)

In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia that executing inmates with “mental retardation” was unconstitutional. Some inmates with claims of intellectual disability have been executed since then, but they are not included in this list.

Name
1. Arthur F. Goode, III
State	FL
Race	W
I.Q.	60 – 63
Execution Date	04/05/84
2. Ivon Ray Stanley
State	GA
Race	B
I.Q.	62
Execution Date	07/12/84
3. James Dupree Henry
State	FL
Race	B
I.Q.	low 70s
Execution Date	09/20/84
4. Morris Odell Mason
State	VA
Race	B
I.Q.	62 – 66
Execution Date	06/25/85
5. James Terry Roach
State	SC
Race	W
I.Q.	69 – 70
Execution Date	01/10/86
6. Jerome Bowden
State	GA
Race	B
I.Q.	59 – 65
Execution Date	06/24/86
7. Willie Celestine
State	LA
Race	W
I.Q.	(68 – 81) 77
Execution Date	07/20/87
8. John Brogdon
State	LA
Race	W
I.Q.	mild MR
Execution Date	07/30/87
9. Horace Dunkins
State	AL
Race	B
I.Q.	65 – 69
Execution Date	07/14/89
10. Alton Waye
State	VA
Race	B
I.Q.	probable MR
Execution Date	08/30/89
11. Johnny Ray Anderson
State	TX
Race	W
I.Q.	70
Execution Date	05/17/90
12. Dalton Prejean
State	LA
Race	B
I.Q.	71 – 76
Execution Date	05/18/90
13. Ricky Ray Rector
State	AR
Race	B
I.Q.	MR from lobotomy
Execution Date	01/24/92
14. Johnny Frank Garrett
State	TX
Race	W
I.Q.	dual MR/MI
Execution Date	02/11/92
15. Billy Wayne White
State	TX
Race	B
I.Q.	66 – 69
Execution Date	04/23/92
16. Nollie Lee Martin
State	FL
Race	W
I.Q.	dual MR/MI
Execution Date	05/12/92
17. Ricky Lee Grubbs
State	MO
Race	W
I.Q.	72
Execution Date	10/21/92
18. Cornelius Singleton
State	AL
Race	B
I.Q.	55 – 67
Execution Date	11/20/92
19. Robert Wayne Sawyer
State	LA
Race	W
I.Q.	65 – 68
Execution Date	03/05/93
20. William Henry Hance
State	GA
Race	B
I.Q.	mild MR
Execution Date	03/31/94
21. Mario Marquez
State	TX
Race	L
I.Q.	65
Execution Date	01/17/95
22. Willie Clisby
State	AL
Race	B
I.Q.	mild MR
Execution Date	04/28/95
23. Varnell Weeks
State	AL
Race	B
I.Q.	mild MR
Execution Date	05/12/95
24. Girvies Davis
State	IL
Race	B
I.Q.	low borderline MR
Execution Date	05/17/95
25. Sylvester Adams
State	SC
Race	B
I.Q.	65 – 69
Execution Date	08/18/95
26. Barry Lee Fairchild
State	AR
Race	B
I.Q.	60 – 63(note
Execution Date	08/31/95
27. Walter Milton Correll
State	VA
Race	W
I.Q.	68
Execution Date	01/4/96
28. Luis Mata
State	AZ
Race	L
I.Q.	68 – 70
Execution Date	08/22/96
29. John Earl Bush
State	FL
Race	B
I.Q.	low borderline MR
Execution Date	10/21/96
30. Frank Middleton
State	SC
Race	B
I.Q.	68 – 69
Execution Date	11/22/96
31. Terry Washington
State	TX
Race	B
I.Q.	58 – 69
Execution Date	05/06/97
32. Tony Mackall
State	VA
Race	B
I.Q.	64
Execution Date	02/20/98
33. Reginald Powell
State	MO
Race	B
I.Q.	65
Execution Date	02/25/98
34. Robert Carter
State	TX
Race	B
I.Q.	mild MR
Execution Date	05/18/98
35. Dwayne Allen Wright
State	VA
Race	B
I.Q.	MR/MI
Execution Date	10/14/98
36. Ronald Yeats
State	VA
Race	W
I.Q.	70
Execution Date	04/29/99
37. Norman Lee Newsted
State	OK
Race	W
I.Q.	MR/MI
Execution Date	07/08/99
38. Raymond James Jones
State	TX
Race	B
I.Q.	MR
Execution Date	09/01/99
39. David R. Leisure
State	MO
Race	W
I.Q.	74
Execution Date	09/01/99
40. Charles Anthony Boyd
State	TX
Race	B
I.Q.	64
Execution Date	08/5/99
41. Willie Sullivan
State	DE
Race	B
I.Q.	58 – 70
Execution Date	09/24/99
42. Oliver Cruz
State	TX
Race	L
I.Q.	64 – 76
Execution Date	08/09/00
43. Wanda Jean Allen
State	OK
Race	B
I.Q.	69
Execution Date	01/11/00
44. Robert Clayton
State	OK
Race	W
I.Q.	68
Execution Date	03/01/01

Name	State	Race	I.Q.	Execution Date
1. Arthur F. Goode, III	FL	W	60 – 63	04/05/84
2. Ivon Ray Stanley	GA	B	62	07/12/84
3. James Dupree Henry	FL	B	low 70s	09/20/84
4. Morris Odell Mason	VA	B	62 – 66	06/25/85
5. James Terry Roach	SC	W	69 – 70	01/10/86
6. Jerome Bowden	GA	B	59 – 65	06/24/86
7. Willie Celestine	LA	W	(68 – 81) 77	07/20/87
8. John Brogdon	LA	W	mild MR	07/30/87
9. Horace Dunkins	AL	B	65 – 69	07/14/89
10. Alton Waye	VA	B	probable MR	08/30/89
11. Johnny Ray Anderson	TX	W	70	05/17/90
12. Dalton Prejean	LA	B	71 – 76	05/18/90
13. Ricky Ray Rector	AR	B	MR from lobotomy	01/24/92
14. Johnny Frank Garrett	TX	W	dual MR/MI	02/11/92
15. Billy Wayne White	TX	B	66 – 69	04/23/92
16. Nollie Lee Martin	FL	W	dual MR/MI	05/12/92
17. Ricky Lee Grubbs	MO	W	72	10/21/92
18. Cornelius Singleton	AL	B	55 – 67	11/20/92
19. Robert Wayne Sawyer	LA	W	65 – 68	03/05/93
20. William Henry Hance	GA	B	mild MR	03/31/94
21. Mario Marquez	TX	L	65	01/17/95
22. Willie Clisby	AL	B	mild MR	04/28/95
23. Varnell Weeks	AL	B	mild MR	05/12/95
24. Girvies Davis	IL	B	low borderline MR	05/17/95
25. Sylvester Adams	SC	B	65 – 69	08/18/95
26. Barry Lee Fairchild	AR	B	60 – 63(note	08/31/95
27. Walter Milton Correll	VA	W	68	01/4/96
28. Luis Mata	AZ	L	68 – 70	08/22/96
29. John Earl Bush	FL	B	low borderline MR	10/21/96
30. Frank Middleton	SC	B	68 – 69	11/22/96
31. Terry Washington	TX	B	58 – 69	05/06/97
32. Tony Mackall	VA	B	64	02/20/98
33. Reginald Powell	MO	B	65	02/25/98
34. Robert Carter	TX	B	mild MR	05/18/98
35. Dwayne Allen Wright	VA	B	MR/MI	10/14/98
36. Ronald Yeats	VA	W	70	04/29/99
37. Norman Lee Newsted	OK	W	MR/MI	07/08/99
38. Raymond James Jones	TX	B	MR	09/01/99
39. David R. Leisure	MO	W	74	09/01/99
40. Charles Anthony Boyd	TX	B	64	08/5/99
41. Willie Sullivan	DE	B	58 – 70	09/24/99
42. Oliver Cruz	TX	L	64 – 76	08/09/00
43. Wanda Jean Allen	OK	B	69	01/11/00
44. Robert Clayton	OK	W	68	03/01/01

(Source: Dr. Denis Keyes, William Edwards, Esq., & Robert Perske, “People with Mental Retardation are Dying — Legally: At least 44 have been executed,” Mental Retardation, Vol. 3, June 2002. pp. 243 – 44).

List of Defendants with Intellectual Disability Executed in the United States (1976 – 2002)

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List of Defendants with Intellectual Disability Executed in the United States (1976 – 2002)

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Georgia House Considers Bill to Provide Pretrial Hearings to Identify Capital Defendants with Intellectual Disability

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