On January 17, 2017, President Barack Obama (pictured) commuted the death sentences of Abelardo Arboleda Ortiz, a federal death row prisoner, and Dwight Loving, a military death row prisoner. The two men were among 209 commutations and 64 pardons announced by the White House on the 17th. Ortiz’s lawyers sought clemency from the President on the grounds that Ortiz was intellectually disabled, his right to consular notification under the Vienna Convention had been violated, he did not himself commit the murder and was not in the room when it occurred, and he had been denied effective assistance of counsel at trial. Loving’s attorneys argued for clemency on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel, racial and gender bias in the selection of members of his court-martial, and Supreme Court rulings that called into question the constitutionality of the process by which the military imposes the death penalty. In Loving’s clemency petition, his lawyers state, “Issues of command influence, racial discrimination, and improper panel voting procedures – which were ignored by the courts based on technical legal evidentiary rules – will forever overshadow Loving’s death sentence. Executing him [will] not promote justice or ensure good order and discipline any more than a sentence of life imprisonment.” Ortiz’s lawyers said they were “incredibly grateful” to President Obama for the commutation. In a statement, Amy Gershenfeld Donnella said, “Mr. Arboleda Ortiz’s case highlights several of the glaring problems that plague the federal system no less than state systems: dreadful lawyering by defense counsel; disproportionate sentencing even among co-defendants; significant racial, economic and geographic disparities in the choice of those who will be tried capitally; and procedural constraints that make it virtually impossible to correct a conviction or sentence imposed, even in violation of the Constitution, when new evidence comes to light.” His case, she said, “epitomizes the broken federal death penalty system.” Although federal law and the U.S. Constitution both prohibit using the death penalty against persons who are intellectually disabled, Ortiz’s trial lawyer never investigated his intellectual disability, Donnella said. As a result, the jurors made their decision on life or death “in a complete vaccuum” and “an intellectually disabled person of color with an IQ of 54 who was never able to learn to read, write, or do simple arithmetic, and could not even tie his shoes until he was ten years old” was sentenced to die. Both Ortiz and Loving will now serve sentences of life in prison without the possibility of parole.

(J. Vitkovskaya, “Along with Chelsea Manning, here are the other people who received pardons and commutations from Obama,” The Washington Post, January 17, 2017.) Read the statement by Abelardo Arboleda Ortiz’s attorney. Read Dwight Loving’s clemency petition and letter to the Judge Advocate General of the Army. See Clemency, Foreign Nationals, and U.S. Military.

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