In 2002, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Atkins v. Virginia that executing inmates with “mental retardation” was unconstitutional. Some inmates with claims of intellectual disability have been executed since then, but they are not included in this list.
| Name | State | Race | I.Q. | Execution Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1. Arthur F. Goode, III |
FL |
W |
60 – 63 |
04/05/84 |
|
2. Ivon Ray Stanley |
GA |
B |
62 |
07/12/84 |
|
3. James Dupree Henry |
FL |
B |
low 70s |
09/20/84 |
|
4. Morris Odell Mason |
VA |
B |
62 – 66 |
06/25/85 |
|
5. James Terry Roach |
SC |
W |
69 – 70 |
01/10/86 |
|
6. Jerome Bowden |
GA |
B |
59 – 65 |
06/24/86 |
|
7. Willie Celestine |
LA |
W |
(68 – 81) 77 |
07/20/87 |
|
8. John Brogdon |
LA |
W |
mild MR |
07/30/87 |
|
9. Horace Dunkins |
AL |
B |
65 – 69 |
07/14/89 |
|
10. Alton Waye |
VA |
B |
probable MR |
08/30/89 |
|
11. Johnny Ray Anderson |
TX |
W |
70 |
05/17/90 |
|
12. Dalton Prejean |
LA |
B |
71 – 76 |
05/18/90 |
|
13. Ricky Ray Rector |
AR |
B |
MR from lobotomy |
01/24/92 |
|
14. Johnny Frank Garrett |
TX |
W |
dual MR/MI |
02/11/92 |
|
15. Billy Wayne White |
TX |
B |
66 – 69 |
04/23/92 |
|
16. Nollie Lee Martin |
FL |
W |
dual MR/MI |
05/12/92 |
|
17. Ricky Lee Grubbs |
MO |
W |
72 |
10/21/92 |
|
18. Cornelius Singleton |
AL |
B |
55 – 67 |
11/20/92 |
|
19. Robert Wayne Sawyer |
LA |
W |
65 – 68 |
03/05/93 |
|
20. William Henry Hance |
GA |
B |
mild MR |
03/31/94 |
|
21. Mario Marquez |
TX |
L |
65 |
01/17/95 |
|
22. Willie Clisby |
AL |
B |
mild MR |
04/28/95 |
|
23. Varnell Weeks |
AL |
B |
mild MR |
05/12/95 |
|
24. Girvies Davis |
IL |
B |
low borderline MR |
05/17/95 |
|
25. Sylvester Adams |
SC |
B |
65 – 69 |
08/18/95 |
|
26. Barry Lee Fairchild |
AR |
B |
60 – 63(note |
08/31/95 |
|
27. Walter Milton Correll |
VA |
W |
68 |
01/4/96 |
|
28. Luis Mata |
AZ |
L |
68 – 70 |
08/22/96 |
|
29. John Earl Bush |
FL |
B |
low borderline MR |
10/21/96 |
|
30. Frank Middleton |
SC |
B |
68 – 69 |
11/22/96 |
|
31. Terry Washington |
TX |
B |
58 – 69 |
05/06/97 |
|
32. Tony Mackall |
VA |
B |
64 |
02/20/98 |
|
33. Reginald Powell |
MO |
B |
65 |
02/25/98 |
|
34. Robert Carter |
TX |
B |
mild MR |
05/18/98 |
|
35. Dwayne Allen Wright |
VA |
B |
MR/MI |
10/14/98 |
|
36. Ronald Yeats |
VA |
W |
70 |
04/29/99 |
|
37. Norman Lee Newsted |
OK |
W |
MR/MI |
07/08/99 |
|
38. Raymond James Jones |
TX |
B |
MR |
09/01/99 |
|
39. David R. Leisure |
MO |
W |
74 |
09/01/99 |
|
40. Charles Anthony Boyd |
TX |
B |
64 |
08/5/99 |
|
41. Willie Sullivan |
DE |
B |
58 – 70 |
09/24/99 |
|
42. Oliver Cruz |
TX |
L |
64 – 76 |
08/09/00 |
|
43. Wanda Jean Allen |
OK |
B |
69 |
01/11/00 |
|
44. Robert Clayton |
OK |
W |
68 |
03/01/01 |
(Source: Dr. Denis Keyes, William Edwards, Esq., & Robert Perske, “People with Mental Retardation are Dying — Legally: At least 44 have been executed,” Mental Retardation, Vol. 3, June 2002. pp. 243 – 44).
